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Johann Wilhelm Haacke (August 23, 1855 – December 6, 1912) was a German zoologist born in Clenze, Lower Saxony. ==Career== He studied zoology at the University of Jena, earning his doctorate in 1878. Afterwards he worked as an assistant at the Universities of Jena and Kiel. In 1881 he emigrated to New Zealand, and during the following year moved to Australia, where he was director of the Natural History Museum in Adelaide (1882-84). From 1888 to 1893 he was director of the zoo in Frankfurt-am-Main, and afterwards was a lecturer at Darmstadt University of Technology (until 1897). Later, he worked as a private scholar and grammar school teacher.〔(Deutsche Biographie )〕 He died in Lüneburg on December 6, 1912. Haacke is remembered for research of oviparity in monotremes, and studies involving the morphology of jellyfish and corals. In 1893 he coined the evolutionary term "orthogenesis". He also conducted investigations in the field of animal husbandry.〔 ==Evolutionary views== Haacke studied under Ernst Haeckel. He later turned against Haeckel for holding Darwinist views. He was also a critic of August Weismann. He experimented with mice and proposed a system of heredity similar to Gregor Mendel but differed in results. Haacke was a neo-Lamarckian and proponent of the inheritance of acquired characters.〔Levit, Georgy S; Olsson, Lennart. (2007). ''Evolution on Rails Mechanisms and Levels of Orthogenesis''. In Volker Wissemann. ''Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology 11/2006''. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. pp. 100-104.〕 Haacke believed that cells consist of individuals called ''gemmaria'' that operate as hereditary units. These consist of even smaller units known as ''gemmae''. He believed these units to explain neo-Lamarckian inheritance. He was also a proponent of orthogenesis. He held that from his theory of ''epimorphism'' evolution is a directed process.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wilhelm Haacke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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